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Home – Our Services – Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers

Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers

Shell and tube heat exchanger solutions tailored to your processes

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Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers: A Powerful Core for Industrial Heat Transfer

A shell and tube heat exchanger is critical industrial equipment that transfers heat over a large surface between two fluids at different temperatures without allowing them to mix. Heatmek designs shell and tube exchangers for demanding pressures, including 350 bar on the shell side and 1400 bar on the tube side, and extreme temperatures from 200°C to 600°C. They provide durable, thermal-shock-resistant solutions across applications from oil refineries to food factories.

The basic principle is that one fluid flows inside the tubes, on the tube side, while the other flows through the surrounding shell, on the shell side. Grooved tubes or turbulator-equipped tubes are used to enhance heat transfer.

Our Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Types

Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
Process heat exchangers built to TEMA standards for liquid-to-liquid and steam-to-liquid heat transfer.
Shell and Tube Condensers
High-efficiency condensers that condense steam or refrigerant in cooling and process systems.
Shell and Tube Evaporators
Cool processes by evaporating refrigerant in chillers and industrial refrigeration systems.
Fixed Tubesheet and U-Tube Designs
Fixed tubesheet or U-tube construction is selected according to thermal expansion and maintenance requirements.

Structure and Main Components of a Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger

Heatmek shell and tube heat exchangers are manufactured in accordance with international standards, including TEMA, ASME and EN 13445, and comprise the following main sections:

  • Front Head: Directs the fluid entering the tube side.
  • Shell: The cylindrical structure surrounding the tube bundle, through which the shell-side fluid circulates. Expansion joints are located in this section.
  • Rear Head: The section where the fluid completes or reverses its tube-side flow.
  • Tube Bundle and Tubesheets: Perforated plates secure the tubes and prevent the fluids from mixing. Tubes are generally arranged in triangular or square patterns with a pitch of 1.25 times the tube diameter.

Design Types: U-Tube and Straight-Tube Heat Exchangers

Heatmek offers two main designs according to the physical and thermodynamic requirements of the process:

  • U-Tube Heat Exchangers: U-shaped tubes accommodate expansion caused by large temperature differences within their own structure. They are preferred for high-capacity applications and systems benefiting from the pressure resistance of circular sections.
  • Straight-Tube Heat Exchangers: Straight tubes are secured through tubesheet connections. Their main advantage is easy mechanical cleaning of the tube interiors. They provide high performance up to 350°C in food and chemical applications where hygiene is critical.

Material Selection and Manufacturing Technology

For shell and tube heat exchanger manufacturing, our specialists select materials according to the fluid’s corrosiveness and temperature. Tube materials can include copper, stainless steel, carbon steel, seamless or welded, nickel silver, brass and titanium. Shell materials range from carbon steel to duplex stainless steels.

Baffle design is critical in manufacturing. Baffles force the shell-side fluid to follow a zigzag path around the tube bundle, increasing turbulence and the heat transfer coefficient.

Applications and Industries

Their flexible design and durability make these exchangers suitable for almost every industry:

  • Oil and Refining: Crude oil heating, gas liquefaction and heavy oil cooling.
  • Power Generation: Condensers and steam generators in thermal and nuclear power plants.
  • Textiles and Dyeing: Precise temperature control in yarn and fabric dyeing machines.
  • Marine: Seawater cooling of ship engines.
  • HVAC and Food Processing: Central heating, pasteurisation and chiller systems.

For custom shell and tube heat exchanger solutions, contact the Heatmek engineering team.

Our Project Process

01. Requirements Analysis and Technical Assessment
We analyse your process conditions, fluid type and capacity requirements to determine the most suitable solution.
02. Engineering Design and Calculations
We size the product for your project through thermal and mechanical calculations and prepare its technical drawings.
03. Production Planning and Material Selection
We plan production and select materials suited to temperature, pressure and corrosion conditions.
04. Manufacturing and Assembly
We carry out fin winding, welding, bending and assembly at our facility in accordance with quality standards.
05. Testing, Inspection and Approval
We verify every product through pressure and leak tests before shipment.
06. Delivery and After-Sales Support
Following on-time delivery, we support you through commissioning and maintenance.

Product Photos

Frequently Asked Questions

A shell and tube heat exchanger consists of a tube bundle inside a cylindrical shell and is highly resistant to pressure and temperature differences. Compared with plate exchangers, its key advantages are operation at much higher pressures, greater tolerance of fouling and the ability to mechanically clean tube interiors.
Carbon steel, stainless steel, copper, copper-nickel and other alloys suited to the process can be used. Materials are selected according to fluid properties and temperature requirements.
All heat exchangers undergo leak testing, hydrostatic pressure testing, weld inspection and visual quality checks. Additional performance tests are carried out and reported when required.
The higher-pressure fluid, or the fluid with greater fouling or corrosion risk, is generally placed on the tube side. Cleaning tube interiors and using corrosion-resistant alloy tubes is more economical than constructing the entire shell from a special material. Lower-pressure or cleaner fluids are generally placed on the shell side.
Baffles have two main functions: they mechanically support the tube bundle to prevent vibration, and they direct the shell-side fluid in a zigzag path around the tubes to increase turbulence. This turbulence can improve heat transfer efficiency several times compared with straight flow.
A shell and tube condenser transfers heat from a gaseous fluid, generally refrigerant or steam, to cooling water inside the tubes, turning the gas into liquid. Gas enters the shell side, condenses on the cold tube surfaces and drains as liquid from the bottom.
Water has a much greater heat-carrying capacity than air. Shell and tube condensers can therefore provide large cooling capacities in compact equipment. With a constant water temperature, they can also operate at more stable and lower condensing pressures independently of outdoor air temperature.
The upper section of the tube bundle is allocated to gas condensation, while the lower tubes are generally designed to remain immersed in liquid. This lower section cools the liquid below its saturation temperature, providing subcooling. This improves system efficiency, or COP, and prevents gas bubbles at the expansion valve.